【精益英文】简单么?我们来谈谈5S!

Hey there, I'm Ron Pereira of Gemba Academy. And I'd like to welcome you to this first module of our 5S course.


各位好,我是Gemba学院的罗恩•佩雷拉,欢迎来到5S课程的第一个模块。


Well, by the end of this module, you'll know what 5S is and why it's so important, no matter what type of industry you work in. And finally, you'll know where the original concepts of 5S started. And as a small hint, it doesn't seem to be Japan like so many think it to be.


在本单元的最后,各位将知道5S是什么,以及为什么5S很重要,无论从事的行业是什么。最后,各位将知道5S最初的概念,源自哪里。一个小的暗示,5S似乎不像很多人所认为的那样是来源于日本。


Well, let's get started by first answering the question. What exactly is 5S? Well, formally defined, 5S is a method of creating a clean and orderly workplace that exposes waste and makes abnormalities immediately visible.


我们首先回答这个问题:5S到底是什么?好,按正式的定义,5S是一种创造洁净有序的工作场所,暴露浪费,并使异常情况立即可见的方法,


As an aside, this particular image has an interesting story behind it. The man on his hands and knees polishing the floor just happens to be the president of this manufacturing company. You see, at this company, nearly all employees, including senior management, come to work 30 minutes early every day in order to clean and tidy things up.

这里,顺便说一句,我们看到的这张图片背后有一个有趣的故事。这个膝盖着地,双手擦地板的人正好是这家制造型公司的总裁。在这家公司里,几乎所有的员工,包括高级管理人员,每天都要提前30分钟来上班,以便清洁和整理东西。


Oh, and one other small fact, these 30 minutes are unpaid and completely voluntary. But as it turns out, 5S is so engrained into this company's culture that nearly all employees partake in this early morning routine. Now, with this said, while cleaning is an extremely important part of 5S, it must be said that 5S is far more than a housekeeping initiative like so many confuse it to be.

这里,还有一个小的实际情况,这30分钟是无偿的,完全是自愿的。不过,事实证明,5S深深地融进了该公司的文化之中,几乎所有的员工都参与到了这一清晨的日常工作中。现在,有了这句话,虽然清洁是5S的一个极其重要的部分,不过,必须说5S不仅仅是一个内务活动,就像很多人混淆了的那样。


You see as we learned earlier, one of the main purposes of 5S is to be able to identify abnormalities. In other words, if the place we work in is an unorganized mess, chances are we'll rarely be able to spot when something is not right.


正如在之前我们所了解的,5S的主要目的之一是:能识别出异常。换句话说,如果我们工作的地方一团糟,我们很可能就会很难发现有什么不对的。


But if we have things neat, clean, and tidy, we're far more likely to identify when something isn't right. Okay. Well, now that we have a better understanding of what 5S is, let's learn about its origins.


不过,如果东西是有序、干净和整洁的,我们就会更容易辨别出什么地方不对。嗯,既然我们已经对5S有了更好的了解,让我们来了解它的起源吧。


Well, when someone refers to 5S, they're generally referring to 5 Japanese words that start with S. But it would seem, contrary to what many people assume, the origins of 5S may not be Japanese after all. In fact, Henry Ford's CANDO Program which stands for cleaning up, arranging, neatness, discipline, and ongoing improvement seems to be the obvious precursor to what we call 5S today.


有人提到5S时,他们通常指的是5个以S开头的日文单词。但与许多人的假设恰恰相反,5S的起源可能根本不是日文。事实上,亨利福特的CANDO计划,即清理、整理、整洁、自律和持续改进,似乎才是我们今天所说的5S的明显的前身。


And that actually seems very logical since the Japanese studied Ford's methods shortly after the war ended. But to be sure, the 5S we're focused on in this course and in most Lean manufacturing situations is based on 5 Japanese words. They are: Seiri, which is commonly translated as sort. Seiton, which means to straighten. Serso, which means to sweep or shine. Seiketsu, which actually means to sanitize, but is most commonly referred to as standardize today. And finally, Shitsuke, which means self-discipline or sustain.


这看起来是合乎逻辑的,因为在战后不久,日本人研究了福特的方法。不过,可以肯定的是,我们在本课程和大多数精益生产环境中所关注的5S是基于5个日文单词,分别是:Seiri,通常翻译成整理。Seiton,意思是整顿。Serso,意思是清扫。Seiketsu,实际上是指清洁,不过,现在最常见的是指的是标准化。最后,Shitsuke-修养,意思是自律或者维持。


Now, later in the module, we'll dive a bit deeper into each of these 5 steps, but before then, let's spend some time talking about why 5S is so important, no matter if you work in a machine shop or a hospital.


在本单元的后面,我们将深入讨论这5个步骤中的各个步骤。不过,在此之前,我们花一些时间来讨论为什么5S很重要,无论你是在机器车间还是在医院工作。


5S重要的4大原因


01


Well, the first reason 5S is so important is its impact on safety. There can be no debating the fact= that a cluttered and chaotic work area is often an unsafe work area. Well, 5S at its core should always focus on creating and maintaining an organized and safe workplace.


5S如此重要的第一个原因是:对安全的影响。毫无疑问,杂乱无章的工作区域,往往是不安全的工作区域。5S的核心,应该始终关注创建和维护一个有条理及安全的工作场所方面。


02


The second reason 5S is so important is that it helps us identify and eliminate waste, or Muda. Now, most people are amazed at how much more productive they are once their work area is de-cluttered, cleaned, and organized. Again! These "people" I am referring to could be a machine shop operator, or an accountant who sits behind a desk all day, or even a nurse who works 12 long hours each night, and just wants things to be in their place when they need them.


5S很重要的第二个原因:其有助于我们去识别和消除浪费。现在,大多数的人都惊讶于一旦工作区域被清理、清洁和有条理起来,工作效率会如此高效。再强调下,这里,我所指的这些“人员”可能是某个机械车间的操作人员,或者一整天都坐在办公室的会计,或者甚至是每天要上12个小时晚班的护士,只要需要的时候,东西能在相应的位置上。


03


The third reason 5S is so beneficial is the fact that it's low cost and very high impact. You don't need to spend a lot of money to improve 5S. In fact, you could very well make some money, if you sell items you no longer use or need. Next, done correctly, 5S gets everyone in the company involved. It doesn't matter if you wear a suit and tie or a hard hat, 5S knows no boundary. So it's the perfect opportunity to bring folks that wouldn't normally interact with one another together. To be sure, this type of collaboration makes companies much stronger.


5S是如此有益的第三个原因是:低成本和影响高。我们不需要花很多钱来改进5S。事实上,如果卖的东西已经不再使用或者不需要,你还可以赚一些钱。接下来,正确地完成,5S让公司中的每个人都参与进来。无论穿西装打领带,还是戴安全帽,5S是不分界限的。因此,这是让那些通常不会互相交流的人员聚在一起的绝佳机会。不过,可以肯定的是,这种合作会让公司变得更加强大。


04


Another reason 5S is so important is the simple fact that adherence to standards is a key to Kaizen. And, since 5S is a standard in and of itself, it goes without saying, if you can't do 5S, you can't do Lean. In fact, 5S is a key building block for most of the lean tools and concepts used today, such as, one piece flow, total productive maintenance, and single minute exchange of dies.


5S很如此重要的另一个原因是:坚持标准,是改善的关键。事实上,不用多言,5S本身就是一个标准,如果不能做到5S,那么,我们就不能做到精益生产。事实上,5S是当今大多数精益工具和概念的关键的组成部分,如单件流、全员生产维护和快速换型。


As they say, without 5S, you can indeed forget the rest. Okay. Well, now that we have a better understanding of why 5S is so important, let's discuss each step of the process.


如果没有5S,你真的可能会忘记其他的。好的,我们已经对5S很重要的原因有了更好的理解,接下来,我们来讨论一下该过程的每一个步骤。


But before then, let me just say that in the coming modules of this course, we're going to explain exactly how to go about executing each of these steps in your workplace.


在讨论之前,要说的是,在本课程接下来的模块中,我们将详细解释如何在工作场所执行这些步骤。


5S的释义


1


Well, the first step is sort. This step basically challenges us to get rid of the things we don't need or use. Now, this can be a very hard step for some people, since they like to keep everything they've ever come in contact with. But this type of holding attitude only leads to clutter and disorganization. So, if we don't need it, we need to get rid of it.


第一个步骤是:整理。这一步基本上是让我们丢弃不需要或者不用的东西。这对一些人来说,是很困难的一步,因为他们喜欢保留自己曾经接触过的所有的东西。不过,这种维持的态度只会导致杂乱无章。所以,如果不需要的,我们就要丢掉。


Well, to help facilitate this sort process, Lean practitioners often use red tags similar to the ones shown in this picture. Rest assured, we'll be covering everything you need to know about red tagging in a coming module, since while it's not a complicated concept, there are many traps that you need to know about.


为了帮助大家简化这一过程,精益实践者通常使用与图中所示类似的红色标签。各位放心,我们将在接下来的模块中涵盖大家所需要了解的关于红色标签的所有信息,因为,虽然这不是一个复杂的概念,不过,各位需要去了解诸多的陷阱。


2


Well, the second step is straightened. So once we've cleared out all the items we don't need, we need to straighten up what's left. Well, the mantra of a place for everything, and everything in its place fits this step perfectly. Well, here's an example of a nicely straightened tool box. If a screwdriver were missing from the top of it, it would be obvious to the owner of the tool box giving them an opportunity to find it, or replace it before he or she actually needed it to repair or work on something.


第二个步骤是:整顿。一旦我们清理完所有不需要的东西,就需要整顿下剩下的东西。好吧,所有物品都有空间存放,所有物品都得到合适的存放,这完全符合该步骤。这是一个整顿的工具箱一个很不错的例子。如果螺丝刀的顶部丢失,工具箱的主人就能很容易发现,或者在他或者她实际需要螺丝刀来修理或者工作之前换掉它。


3


The third step is sweep. This step is also often referred to as shine. This is probably the most misunderstood step of all since most assume this step simply means to grab a broom and clean up. And while good old-fashioned sweeping is definitely important, this step is far more than just cleaning. You see, the main principle behind this step is to "clean to inspect." In other words, if you find yourself sweeping up the same mess day after day, you should do your very best to eliminate the source of the dirt.


第三步是:清扫。这一步通常也被称为擦亮。这可能是最容易被误解的一步,因为大多数人认为这一步仅仅意味着拿起扫帚进行清理。虽然,传统的清扫方式非常重要,但这一步不仅仅是清扫。该步骤之后的主要原则是“清理检查”。换句话说,如果发现一天又一天地打扫着同一个杂乱的地方,各位应该尽最大努力去消除灰尘的来源。


Here's an example of sweeping in action. As it turns out in this example, the sources of the dirt and grime were attacked as part of a Total Productive Maintenance. Kaizen event further demonstrating how 5S and other Lean principles are tied at the hip.


下面是一个清扫的例子。在这个例子中,作为全面生产性维护的一部分,灰尘和污垢的来源被攻克。改善活动,进一步展示了5S和其他精益原则是如何贴合联系在一起的。



4


Well, the fourth step is standardize. This step is focused on creating standards, so abnormalities are easily recognized. Things like checklists and audits are very helpful. Also, some companies even engage in corporate 5S competitions where the monthly winner gets to hold the local 5S trophy for the month, while the last place team gets the opportunity to partake in a brown bag lunch with the general manager of the facility as they explain their plan to improve.


第四步是:标准化。这一步的重点关注标准的创建,异常很容易被识别。像清单和审核之类,就非常有用。此外,一些公司甚至会开展公司层面的5S竞赛,每个月的5S优胜者将获得5S奖杯,而5S最后一名的团队有机会与工厂总经理一起享用一顿午餐,解释5S改进计划。


Now, if you look closely at the picture of our president scrubbing the floor, you can see many examples of standardization in place. Notice the blue tape on the floor. This is used to ensure the tables are put back into the correct location. Also, look at the sign under the mirror. Since this particular plant is in Japan, it's customary to remove your street shoes. As such, they've made it pretty clear where your shoes are supposed to be placed.


现在,如果你仔细观察总裁擦洗地板的照片,你可以看到许多标准化的例子。注意地板上的蓝色胶带,这些是用来确保将桌子放回正确位置的。另外,看看镜子下面的标志。因为这家工厂在日本,所以,习惯上要把便鞋脱掉。因此,他们很清楚鞋子应该放在哪里。


Now, if you happen to be watching this video with a group, I'd like to welcome you to pause the video in order to discuss what you see in this picture. Do you think this level of standardization would work in your company? You might want to take some time and discuss this as a group.


如果你碰巧和一个小组一起看这段视频,欢迎暂停这段视频,讨论一下你在这张图片中看到了什么。你认为,这种标准化水平在你的公司会起作用吗?你可能要想花些时间和大家一起来讨论这个问题。


5


Finally, the last step of the process is self-discipline. Now, the key to this step is to apply positive tension. In other words, if your 5S improvements are to sustain, it must be made clear that this is how we intend to operate as a company. It's similar to a rope. If a rope is pulled tightly and someone comes along and tugs on it, we get an immediate response. However, if the rope is loose and we pull on it, we may not realize it as quickly. So, this really gets back to being able to identify abnormalities. With positive tension, we can identify issues immediately. With loose or no tension, we don't.


最后,5S过程的最后一步是:素养。这个步骤的关键是施加正向的紧张感。换言之,如果5S改进需要持续,必须清楚地表明,这是我们作为一家公司的经营方式。就像一根绳子。如果一根绳子被拉紧,有人过来拉它,我们会得到立即的反应。不过,如果绳子松了,我们去拉它,我们可能就不会很快意识到 。所以,这真的恢复了识别异常的能力。在正向的紧张感下,我们可以立即发现问题。如果松懈或者没有紧张感,我们则都不会。